Female Traffic Police Officer Recording Details Of Road Traffic Accident On Mobile Phone

In Pennsylvania, for various evidentiary reasons, whether a vehicle occupant was wearing a seatbelt or not is inadmissible.  Pennsylvania’s seatbelt law is codified at 75 Pa.C.S.A. Section 4581. While the law makes seatbelt use in the Commonwealth mandatory, it also precludes evidence of a violation of this requirement in any civil action. In Gaudio v. Ford Motor Company, 976 A.2d 524 (2009), the Superior Court said simply that the statute applies and no deviation appears to be permissible. The evidentiary argument for this is that almost all of the time, the person who was not wearing a seatbelt was not negligent in the operation of their car and the burden of proof cannot and should not be shifted to an innocent or non-negligent passenger when the accident was caused by the negligence of another driver. Even if the passengers were not wearing seatbelts, the accident would not have occurred but for the negligence of the other driver.

However, there are innumerable situations where a lawyer or anyone paying attention to details will figure out that the injured person was not wearing a seatbelt. How? Well, in a lot of cases, people who do not wear their seatbelts have really serious fractures. The purpose of the airbag and seatbelt is really to avoid the really serious fractures. Can you suffer a fracture from an airbag? Yes, it happens all the time. But, it is usually a wrist or finger fracture. When you are not wearing a seatbelt, the fracture is your arm, your nose, a cheekbone etc. Essentially, if you are not wearing a seatbelt, you are going to hit the inside of the car really hard and the car does not give way. Now, would a juror figure out that the plaintiff was not wearing a seatbelt just from the injury? Maybe.  Maybe not.  In Gaudio, the case above, Ford Motor Co. argued that the passenger, who wasn’t wearing his seatbelt, would not have been injured by the airbag had he been wearing his seatbelt because the seatbelt and airbag work together as a system and someone too close to an airbag can be more seriously injured than intended. The Appellate Court disagreed.

Similarly, the findings on a police report are not admissible in Pennsylvania. Why? Well, the theory is that the police officer writing the report was not a witness to the crash and hence what they record is merely the product of hearsay. Plus, the authority of the police officer might make that hearsay more weighty than is warranted. So, if the police report says one driver is at fault, that cannot come into evidence. Similarly, if the officer wrote a ticket for running a red light, that cannot come into evidence for other reasons. Significantly, often, the police take down statements at the scene and record the weather and the position of cars etc. All of this information can be used to cross-examine the opposing party.

I recently had a defendant testify that everything in the police report was a lie. The skidding on gravel.. a lie.  The speed of approach? A lie. The fact that the person was on the phone at the time of the crash? A lie. So, what do I do with that information? Well, I deposed the officer who then verified all of the information in his report. Why? Because, now I do not need to deal with getting the report into evidence. Rather, I just have the officer testify, that I talked to the defendant, this is what she said, this is what I observed etc. Plus, it highlights that your average police officer is just recording facts, does not have an interest in the litigation, and would not fabricate what is in a routine report. Basically, it highlights that the Defendant is lying and makes her a witness you could not possibly call at trial.

Female Traffic Police Officer Recording Details Of Road Traffic Accident On Mobile Phone

This is not a popularity question because that line is too long. Nope. Where is your average personal injury lawyer least well received? I have found large property managers or landlords are probably those who like me the least. I have been to cocktail parties or chamber of commerce where I introduce myself and my professional work and the conversation just stops cold. It is a routine occurrence at this point.

So, why does a commercial landlord dislike me and my brethren? It is fairly simple. Business-people hate paying for insurance and perceive all slip and falls on their property as frivolous or filed by money hungry poor people, who don’t take personal responsibility for their actions. In truth, while there is always an element of personal responsibility that drives down slip and fall settlements, the secret to the landlord’s animus is that they could have avoided their sidewalk decaying, their walkways uncleared, etc. with the application of a little bit of money. When their conduct is indefensible, they get upset. Nobody likes to sit for a deposition. It is even worse when you are the property manager and your failures are just startlingly obvious.

I am always working on amusing cases where people fall on ice in parking lots. People walk into a parking lot and slip on black ice and break bones. I don’t take ice cases without fractures. The fracture tells the landlord it was a real fall with a real injury. The fracture also tells the jury that there was real ice there. The only remaining question is where and why and for how long. Usually, the cases are amusing for me because the defendant’s records are either non-existent, harmful to their case, or fabricated. Fabricated is my personal favorite. How or why does one fabricate a snow and ice record? Consider that someone falls and the boss says we need the snow and ice records for the day. The snow and ice records are not regularly kept or kept poorly and that is readily apparent when inspected. If and when I prove fabrication, the case is over and done with!

Pennsylvania has the hills and ridges doctrine and a bunch of other rules about snow and ice and the duties of property owners. Generally, the rule is that you cannot sue a property owner if there is ice on their property if it was snowing, raining on a frigid day or otherwise actively precipitating. You also cannot sue if the snow and ice developed naturally from snowfall. However, all bets are off when the snow and ice has been there for a day or so or has been moved around by shoveling, plowing etc. Basically, the Courts try to give the property owner leeway in clearing their properties during stormy weather. Generally slippery conditions is a bad factual scenario for a plaintiff’s lawyer. I recently turned down a case where a caller had undergone back surgery following a fall. After reviewing weather records for the day in question and going back over the client’s story, I was pretty sure that I would eventually lose the case if I pursued it to the end. So, I turned the client down and referred him out to another lawyer who might pursue it. But, I have better things to do than take a tough liability case for two years with an uncertain result. I had the tough conversation this week with the client rather than two years and a few thousand dollars lost down the road.

There is a law of war? Who knew. In college, I read an interesting book called Just and Unjust Wars by Michael Walzer, who is a history professor. The book addressed the somewhat unwritten rules of war that unfortunately has persistent relevance to this day in light of Ukraine’s situation. Russia seems to persist in targeting civilians. Walzer is adamant that the Rules of War, such as they are, do not permit attacking civilians as a mechanism of war. It is okay to shoot combatants but not non-combatants. Walzer opines that it is a violation of the Rules of War to shoot an opposing soldier, who is merely bathing during wartime, but that seems a close call to me. Another interesting aspect of the book is a discussion of rules regarding reprisals. Reprisals are essentially a response in kind to aggression by the opponent. So, if the Palestinians killed an Israeli soldier on patrol, Walzer would permit the Israeli army to destroy a convoy of Palestinian militants. But, it would not be permissible to kill civilian Palestinians or to target a hospital.

Putin seems to have missed these lessons. The term scorched earth is essentially a violation of the Rules of War. It means that you are burning the enemy’s fields, land, homes, in an effort to beat their army. It is an impermissible tactic, but plainly Putin is seeking to reduce Ukraine to a fighting force and nothing more. It is not acceptable tactically or to a country that is complying with the rules of war. But, I think that Putin is way beyond the pale of upstanding nations at this point.

To connect this to law in Philly, there are certain rules of decorum for lawyers in depositions and other forums. We defer greatly to Judges when we are in front of them because they can make decisions that hurt you or your client’s case. We also generally defer to other lawyers in most professional courtesy situations. If I have to cancel a deposition on short notice, I expect opposing counsel will agree and we will reschedule. If they don’t agree or I don’t agree, both sides know that the courtesy will not be reciprocated when needed. Both sides need a break in most cases at some point.

But, in depositions with other lawyers, I find that I don’t miss the breakdown of some decorum. I find that defense lawyers for insurance companies are often ill-informed about their cases and not honest with themselves or their carrier about how the case is going to turn out. Every case has its little fights, but it is rare that disputes cannot be settled between counsel during depositions. I have not yet had a case where fights between counsel needed to be moderated closely by the Court. Usually, if the Court is involved, I turn out to be in the right as I try to avoid Court involvement.  The judges we appear before are far far less involved in our cases and while they are well-intentioned, they are just as likely to make a mistake as they are to make the right decision.